GRB

Navigational directionality of North as defined along grid lines of map projection, it may not equal to True North or Magnetic North.

The process to create a network of horizontal and perpendicular lines, uniformly spaced, for locating points on a map, chart, building plan, or aerial photograph by means of a system of coordinates.

See definition on Human Error.

Physical points on the ground,whose positions are exactly known with respect to coordinated and vertical datum.

See description on Aerotriangulation.

High order known points on Earth's surface generally used for georeferencing, a reference point precisely located on the ground as well as the image/map.

A function of camera format size.

Horizontal distance between two points correlated on the same horizontal plane, usually from sea level.

Geophysical method use of radar to image sub-surface conditions (e.g. materials detection).

Ground pixel size,determined by the sampling interval time used druing the signal conversion process.

Ground settlement over time, downward movement of ground (soil) when load is applied on top; the effect of vertical stress on ground (soil).

Surveys made with ground-based equipment (i.e. Total Stations, Automatic Level) on ground features.

Sub-surface water in soil pore spaces or between rock formations.

Part of the water cycle, process of water moving from the surface and into the groundwater.

Effects on the GPS signal when it travels through the ionosphere, where the magnitude is determined by the density and stratification of the ionosphere at the moment the signal passes through.

Ground Sampled Distance

Global System for Mobile communication

Graphical User Interface

Measuring device used for land survey, it is a measuring chaing of 100 links. 1 Chain = 20.12m = 2012cm = 20120mm (1 Chain = 66ft = 792inch) 1 Link = 0.2012m = 20.12cm = 201.2mm (1 Link = 0.66ft = 7.92inch)

Device used to provide stability or maintain a reference direction in navigation systems.

Combination of Theodolite and Gyroscope, it is a measuring instrumention to determine precise true azimuth.

Category of line symbols used to show surface (i.e. slope steepness), could be drawn as short parallels in varied thickness or in even thickness but varied spacing.

Used for floating mark,are placed at similar area on the both left-hand and right-hand photo.

Where there is strong salinity gradient in the water, affect its density.

Contained withing the Navigation Code (Navigation Message), it provides the receiver the information of the location of satellites during the broadcast of the Code.

Systems approach using rigid procedures and techniques to define a data/processing problem, generally used in computer implemenations, has four (4) phases: 1) Lexical Phase: Identifying problem, boundaries/constraints 2) Parsing Phase: Identifying relationship between entities/elements of(...)

Contained withing the Navigation Code (Navigation Message), it provides the receiver the information of the location of satellites during the broadcast of the Code.

Horizontal Dilution of Precision

Vertical movement (up-down) on Z-axis.

Vertical distance. Types: 1) Elipsoidal Height 2) Geodetic Heigh 3) Geoidal Height 4) Orthometric Height 5) Spot Height

Booking method for levelling using height of instrument.

Antenna, mounted over ground plane, consisting of a coil of wire in the form of a helix with a feed line connected between the helix and the ground plane.

Used in geodesy, it is a mathematical process to apply rotation, scaling and translation onto coordinates.

Standard unit for the measure of frequency.

Process/method/technique for a particular task/function.

Six colour printing process.

An approach of transforming RGB components into HIS components.

Database organized by levels, in a tree-like structure and can contain one-to-many relationships.

Antenna with a focused, narrow radiowave beam width.

Spatial Filter applied to image that emphasizes high frequency features (features with high reflectance differences).

Intercontinental system to connect datums across nations, terrestrial positiong systems using EM signals.

Deep understanding of the knowledge and be able to identify and recognize issues with the sense of discretion.

Use of contrast (darkness-lightness) to represent slope, ridges and land surfaces.

High Precision SHORAN

A type of graphical representation of data distribution to estimate the probability of a continuous variable.

An approach that image value are assigned to the display levels on the basis of their frequency of occurrence.

Vectorization setting in GIS, determines size of holes that can be ignored during raster line tracing.

Recognizing the interconnectedness and relationship between parts and the whole within the various elements of study subjects and/or disciplines.

An accurate dimensional measurement by holography

It is a composite projection of Sinusoidal and Mollweide projection, could be classified as a Pseudocylindrical projection with Equal-Area properties.