Use of FRP and Seawater Sea-Sand Concrete for Wave Wall Construction

A wave wall demonstrating the use of FRP and seawater sea-sand concrete (SSC) was completed in April 2025 in Lei Yue Mun, Hong Kong.

This project demonstrated the application of innovative structural forms in coastal defence. Two 10-meter-long wave wall sections were constructed: one utilizing SSC reinforced by GFRP bars, and the other utilizing conventional concrete reinforced by FRP-coated steel bars.

Figure. Demonstration project 3: (a) location of the wave wall; (b) reinforcement cages for FRP bars and FRP-coated steel rebars; (c) the wave wall after concrete casting; and (d) the monitoring system and remote readings.