A mathematical transformation of the latitudes and longitudes of geographical coordinates on the surface of a sphere or an ellipsoid into a planar or Cartesian coordinate system, ways of representing 3D Earth surface into 2D map.
Type:
1) Cylindrical
2) Pseudo Cylindrical
3) Pseudo Azimuthal
4) Conic
5) Pseudoconical
6) Azimuthal
7) Polyhedral
8) Retroazimuthal