GRB

Changes scale by reducing/expanding in the x and/or y direction.

Wave Property. Occurs when wave encounters an obstacle or slit, where waves bend around the obstacle.

An optical component with a periodic structure, consisting of a surface with fine paralled grooves ruled across it.

The reflection of light from a surface such that an incident ray is reflected at many angles rather than at just one angle as in the case of specular reflection

Applys the information technology methods to present the past history, current situation and future trend through digital network.

A digital model or three-dimension model representing a terrain's surface generated from terrain elevation data, model of elevation (heights) of Earth generally with reference to sea level.

To improve the visual interpretability of an image by increasing the apparent distinction between the features in the scene.

Levelling instrument capable of electronically scanning a coded staff, allowing data to be automatically collected, has automatic compensators.

Digital representations of point, line and polygon features.

Integer represents the intensity value,the average radiance measured in each pixel.

Digitized image from remote sensing where displacements caused by tilt and terrain have been removed.

Model of surfaces on Earth.

A topographic digital model of the terrain relief which can be processed by computer program, model of Earth's terrain similar to DEM.

Device for converting hard copy into digital format by tracing around the boundary of the interested region.

Method of transforming analogue data to digital format.

An indication of the strength of GPS network configuration, where a high DOP value generally means a closer cluster of GPS satellites and a lower level of precision. Types: 1) PDOP: Position 2) GDOP: Geometric 3) RDOP: Relative 4) HDOP: Horizontal 5) VDOP: Vertical 6) TDOP: Time

Dual Independent Map Encoding

Diplomacy, Information, Military, Economics model

Coefficient to tanδ.

Where transmitter is directly connected to the target to allow continuous flow of current between the transmitter and the target, transmitter is grounded.

Electric current flowing in one direction only.

Observations/measurements taken on site through instruments.

Directly finding the relationship between two projection point in a rectangular coordinate system.

Data Exchange, where there is direct conversion of data between two different systems.

Cardinal points/direction (North, South, East, West) and/or reference directions (up, down, left, right).

An enhancement technique aims to emphasize in image data.

Focus ability of the antenna.

Branch of knowledge studied, training in a particular branch of subjects.

The difference in two observed values of same quantity.

Singular, stand-alone entities of data.

Opposite to Continuous Features, they are spatial features that are individually distinguiable.

A statistical analysis functions used to predict a categorical dependent variable by one or more continuous or binary independent variables.

Ability to clearly express opinions, ideas, knowledge and understanding regarding concepts within the field of study.

Dish-shaped parabolic antenna, mostly used in broadcasts and data transmission.

The situation that two sets have no common elements.

Kriging that uses a function of the value for interpolation.

Map generalization technique, moving (displacing) elements of the map so that it does not interfere with one-another.

Map Generalization technique, to dissolve element.

GIS operation to remove boundaries between features of the same attribute.

The effect of change of distance on cultural or spatial interactions between two area.

Biases resulting from Ionospheric, Tropospheric, and orbital errors.

Refectorless EDM to measure distance in short range.

The alteration of the original shape .

Distortion due to spread of ink during printing, may often lead to misinterpretation of points/areas and illegibility of fine print.

A type of database storages data in multiple computer lacated in the one physical location or dispersed through a network.

Where database (data storage) is not attached to processing unit (i.e., where location of database is different from data processing), the whole database can be physically located at a different area or protions of the database can be stored at multiple locations.

Metadata category, information about how to obtain data.

Introducing digital noise into the system.

Process that arranges colour pixels on screen in such a way that gives a wider variety (shades) of colour.

When a single high tide and single low tide occuring each day when the moon is farthest from the equator.